Practice 1 (Facts versus Opinions) / Page 72
O 1. Smoking is relaxing and, therefore, enjoyable.
O 2. Dr.
Kathleen Parker, a well known cancer specialist, recently admitted in
an interview,“Although I see the
harmful effects of smoking nearly everyday in my work, I still enjoy relaxing with a
cigarette after dinner.”
O 3.
Early in the next decade, more women than men will die of lung cancer,
according to the American Cancer
Society.
O 4.
Smoking is attracting more and more adults.
F 5. According to a recent New York Times article, cigarette smoking is increasing among
adults in their forties as well as among the college educated and those earning more than
$35,000 annually.
F 5. According to a recent New York Times article, cigarette smoking is increasing among
adults in their forties as well as among the college educated and those earning more than
$35,000 annually.
O 6.
Red light runners must take a driver’s education class. Then they will become
safer drivers.
O 7. Red-light runners cause scores of
accidents, including deaths and injuries as well as millions
of dollars in damages.
of dollars in damages.
O 8.
Red-light runners should have their drivers licenses suspended for a period of
time.
F 9.
Nationwide, the number of red-light running accidents increased 18 percent from
1991
through 1995. In 1991, 2,428 deaths resulted and in 1995, the number rose to 2,856.
through 1995. In 1991, 2,428 deaths resulted and in 1995, the number rose to 2,856.
Practice 1 ( Direct Quotations) / Page 85
Add punctuation to the following direct quotations. Change
the capitalization if necessary.
1. Dr. Yixuan Ma, a well-known astrophysicist who
has been studying black holes, said it is one of the most interesting phenomena
we astrophysicist have ever studied.
Answer:
Dr. Yixuan Ma, a well-known astrophysicist
who has been studying black holes said, “It
is one of the most interesting phenomena we astrophysicist
have ever studied.”
2. As she explained in black holes the laws of
nature do not seem to apply.
Answer:
As she explained, “In black holes the laws
of nature do not seem to apply.”
3. A black hole is a tiny point with the mass 25
times the mass of our sun explained Ms’s
associate, Chun-Yi Su. Black holes are created by the death of a very large
star she stated.
Answer:
“A
black hole is a tiny point with the mass 25 times the mass of our sun,” explained Ms’s associate, Chun-Yi Su, “black holes are created by the death
of a very large star she stated.”
4. It is an invisible vacuum cleaner in space she
added with tremendous gravitational pull.
Answer:
“It
is an invisible vacuum cleaner in space,”
she added with tremendous gravitational pull.
5. According to Dr. Su, if a person falls into a
black hole, he will eventually be crushed due to the tremendous gravitational
forces.
Answer:
According to Dr. Su,” If a person falls into a black hole, he will eventually be
crushed due to the tremendous gravitational forces.”
6. Time will slow down for him as he approaches the
event horizon she said and when he reaches the event horizon, time will stand
still for him.
Answer:
“Time
will slow down for him as he approaches the event horizon,” she said, ”and when
he reaches the event horizon, time will stand still for him.”
Practice 2 (Using Statistic) / Page 78
World’s Major Consumers of Primary Energy
According to statistics published by the U.S. Department of Energy, the world’s consumption of primary energy continued to increase in 1994 in quadrillion Btu’s. The three top consumers included the United States, China, and Russia. However, the largest consumer was United States. It used to consume 85.64 quadrillion Btu. Japan consumed 20.7 quadrillion Btu, whereas Germany consumed 13.87 quadrillion Btu. The countries that consumed less than 10 quadrillion Btu included India, United Kingdom, France, and Italy.
According to a USA Today survey, many costumers don’t concern about the amount of debt they have on credit card. The most costumer that doesn’t concern the debt is costumer who are over 60 years old with 81%, whereas 46-60 years-old-costumers are only 62 %. The costumers that overlook less than 50% included the 30-45 years-old-costumers and the under 30 years-old-customers.
Practice 2 (Changing Direct
Quotations to Indirect Quotation) / Page 88
1. Television
channel KSA General Manager Jim Burns said, “Not everyone can attend college in
the traditional way: therefore, taking courses via television will offer many
more students the chance to earn a college degree.”
Answer:
Television
channel KSA General Manager Jim Burns said that not everyone could attend
college in the traditional way: therefore, taking courses via television would
offer many more students the chance to earn a college degree.
2. Pre-med
student Alma Rodrigues said, “ I miss being on campus, but I have to work and
take care of my family.”
Answer:
Pre-med student
Alma Rodrigues said that he miss being on campus, but he had to work and take
care of his family.
3. Other
students said, “Last year, we spent several hours a day commuting to and from
school. Now, we don’t have to do that.”
Answer:
Other student
said that they had spent several hours a day commuting to and from school in
the year before. Then, they didn’t have to do that.
4. Computer
engineering student Amir Mehdizadeh stated, “I can choose when to study and how
to study without pressure. He also said, “I will take two more telecourses in
the fall.”
Answer:
Computer
engineering student Amir Mehdizadeh stated that he could choose when to study
and how to study without pressure and he would take two more telecourses in the
fall.
Practice 3
(Writing a Paraphrase) / Page 91-92
Artificial
Languages
Since the time of Descrates, it
is estimated that no fewer than five hundred attempts have been made to create
artificial languages for international use. The most successful by far has been
Esperanto, a language constructed around the end of the nineteenth century by
Dr. Zamenhof of Poland. Esperanto is a language that is extremely easy to learn
and speak, with its words drawn mainly from English, German, the Romance
languages, Latin, and Greek.
A more recent arrival on the
international scene is Interlingua, scientificially constructed
by a group of language experts out of Latin, the Romance languages, and
English. But whereas Esperanto has a large body of people who actually speak it
scattered throughout the world, Interlingua has not yet achieved much
popularity (Pei 175-176).
Paraphrase:
There are two kinds of
artificial languages: Esperanto and Interlingua. Esperanto was created by Dr.
Zamenhof of Poland in the end of the nineteenth century, whereas Interlingua
was developed by a group of language experts out of Latin, the Romance
languages, and English. Therefore, Esperanto was easier than Interlingua.
Artificial
Languages-Objections
The main objection to
constructed languages, like Esperanto or Interlingua, is that they have not
developed all the thought-carrying machinery and shades of meaning that natural
languages have had a chance to work out for themselves over a period of many
centuries: also. The artificial languages presented so far lean too heavily in
the direction of the western European and American nations, and carry too
little in the way of Slavic, Asiatic, and African words and habits of thought
(Pei 176).
Paraphrase:
The lack of artificial
languages, Esperanto and Interlingua are having a bit of knowledge as
artificial languages still use the stodgy thought and belief habits of
western European, American nations, and African.
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